CTAL-TM_Syll2012 Actual Questions Answers PDF 100% Cover Real Exam Questions
CTAL-TM_Syll2012 Exam questions and answers
NEW QUESTION # 33
Test Management
Assume you are currently working on a project developing a system where functional requirements are very well specified. Unfortunately non-functional requirements do almost not exist.
You are the Test Manager. You have to choose a technique for test selection that allows testing of non- functional characteristics, especially reliability.
Which of the following techniques for test selection do you expect being most useful in this scenario?
- A. Ambiguity reviews
- B. A model-based technique based on the creation of operational profiles
- C. Cause-effect graphing
- D. Test condition analysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Test Management
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 34
The test team is using a distributed model for testing.
What is the primary factor you should consider with this model? [1]
- A. Planned vs. actual hours
- B. Co-location of test team
- C. Alignment of methodologies
- D. Provision of growth opportunities for the individual testers
Answer: C
Explanation:
A distributed model for testing is a testing model that involves testers working in different locations, time zones, or organizations, such as onshore, offshore, or nearshore1. The primary factor that you should consider with this model is the alignment of methodologies, which means that the testers follow the same or compatible testing processes, standards, tools, and techniques, regardless of their location, time zone, or organization2. The alignment of methodologies can help to ensure the consistency, quality, and efficiency of the testing activities, as well as to facilitate the communication, coordination, and collaboration among the testers3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because co-location of test team is not a factor that you should consider with a distributed model for testing, but rather a factor that is contrary to a distributed model for testing. Co-location of test team means that the testers work in the same physical location, which can have some advantages, such as easier communication, faster feedback, and stronger team spirit, but also some disadvantages, such as higher costs, limited resources, and less diversity4. Option C is incorrect because provision of growth opportunities for the individual testers is not a factor that you should consider with a distributed model for testing, but rather a factor that is relevant to any testing model. Provision of growth opportunities for the individual testers means that the testers are given the chance to learn new skills, gain new experiences, and advance their careers, which can have some benefits, such as increased motivation, productivity, and retention of the testers. Option D is incorrect because planned vs. actual hours is not a factor that you should consider with a distributed model for testing, but rather a factor that is relevant to any testing model. Planned vs. actual hours is a testing metric that compares the estimated and the actual effort spent on the testing activities, which can help to measure the accuracy of the test estimation, the efficiency of the test execution, and the variance of the test schedule. References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Distributed Testing 2: Distributed Testing - Software Testing Fundamentals 3: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 3.2.1 4: Co-located vs. Distributed Teams: What's the Difference? : How to Provide Growth Opportunities for Employees : Software Testing Metrics: What is, Types & Example
NEW QUESTION # 35
You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a client-server application that allows wine vendors to order custom-assorted packages of wines of several winemakers to sell special packages in their wine shops.
You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy. Below the exit criteria for the system testinG.
EXCR1- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition
EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition
The following are the "critical" requirements of the application:
REQ-SEL-1. The application shall allow the user to order only one package at a time
REQ-SEL-2. The application shall allow the user to select between four different packages (2bottles, 6-bottles, 12-bottles, 15-bottles)
REQ-SEL-3. The application shall allow the user to order a package containing at least 1 bottle and no more bottles than the package size. No error messages shall be displayed if the user selects a valid number of bottles (at least 1 bottle and no more than the package size)
REQ-SEL-4. The application shall display an error message "Invalid number of bottles" if an invalid number of bottles is selected by the user (zero bottles or a number higher than the package size)
REQ-PAY-1. The application shall allow the user to pay with the three accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express)
REQ-PAY-2. The application shall display an error message "Invalid credit card" if invalid credit card data are given by the user
The following is the unique "critical" quality risk item that has been identified:
CR-RSK-1. The GUI of the application might accept non-integer values for the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified.
TC-SEL-2. Test the selection of the package sizes
TC-SEL-4. Test wrong numbers of bottles for an order
TC-CR-RSK-1. Test the accepted values from the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user
What is the MINIMUM number of test conditions that must be added to fulfill both the EXCR1 and EXCR2 exit criteria?
K3 2 credits
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 36
You can count on well-written requirements, but you can't count on an adequate contribution of the stakeholders to the quality risk analysis. You have to mitigate the insufficient contribution of the stakeholders because the risk-based testing approach shall minimize the product risks. Your test team has one expert tester in security testing.
Which of the following test activities would you expect to be the less important in this context?
K4 3 credits
- A. Automate all functional and non-functional system tests
- B. Extract from the defect tracking system of the previous project all the security defects and failures, and classify them to support design and execution of specific tests
- C. Perform exploratory testing sessions with adequate charters covering security aspects
- D. Apply systematic and exploratory testing for integration and system test
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 37
Test Tools and Automation
Assume you are the Test Manager in charge of independent testing for avionics applications.
You are in charge of testing for a project to implement three different CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item):
- a BOOT-X CSCI that must be certified at level B of the DO-178B standard
- a DIAG-X CSCI that must be certified at level C of the DO-178B standard
- a DRIV-X CSCI that must be certified at level A of the DO-178B standard These are three different software modules written in C language to run on a specific hardware platform.
You have been asked to select a single code coverage tool to perform the mandatory code coverage measurements, in order to meet the structural coverage criteria prescribed by the DO-178B standard. This tool must be qualified as a verification tool under DO-178B.
Since there are significant budget constraints to purchase this tool, you are evaluating an open-source tool that is able to provide different types of code coverage. This tool meets perfectly your technical needs in terms of the programming language and the specific hardware platform (it supports also the specific C-compiler).
The source code of the tool is available.
Your team could easily customize the tool to meet the project needs. This tool is not qualified as a verification tool under the DO-178B.
Which of the following are the three main concerns related to that open-source tool selection?
Number of correct responses: 3
K4 3 credits (2 credits out of 3 credits correct, 1 credit point)
- A. Is the licensing scheme of the tool compatible with the confidentiality needs of the avionics company?
- B. Does the tool support all the types of code coverage required from the three levels A, B, C of the DO-178B standard?
- C. Is the installation procedure of the tool easy?
- D. Does the tool have a good general usability?
- E. What are the costs to qualify the tool as a verification tool under the DO-178B?
- F. Does the tool require a system with more than 4GB of RAM memory?
Answer: A,B,E
NEW QUESTION # 38
People Skills - Team Composition
Which of the following would you expect to be most likely an example of a motivating factor for testers?
Number of correct responses: 1
K2 1 credit
- A. The testers contribution to the quality of the software products developed from an organization is recognized with increased responsibilities
- B. The resources allocated for the testing activities are not sufficient and don't allow the testers to contribute to the quality of the product
- C. The testers are asked to perform, in parallel with their testing tasks, other tasks unrelated to their testing responsibilities
- D. The same regressions tests are executed manually by the same testers, for every product release, without any progression in content
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 39
When scheduling performance testing, which of the following approaches would be most advisable? [1]
- A. Requiring all performance tests to pass before starting functional testing
- B. Leveraging end users to do unit-level performance testing and automated tools for system-level performance testing
- C. Starting the performance testing during unit and integration testing
- D. Deferring the start of performance testing until all functional defects have been resolved
Answer: C
Explanation:
Performance testing is the process of determining the speed, responsiveness, and stability of a system under a given workload1. Performance testing should be started as early as possible in the software development lifecycle, preferably during unit and integration testing, to identify and resolve performance issues before they become costly or risky2. Starting performance testing early can also help to validate the performance requirements, design, and architecture of the system, as well as to optimize the performance testing strategy and scope3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because deferring the start of performance testing until all functional defects have been resolved can delay the detection and resolution of performance issues, increase the cost and effort of performance testing, and reduce the confidence and quality of the system4. Option C is incorrect because leveraging end users to do unit-level performance testing and automated tools for system-level performance testing can introduce inconsistency, bias, and inefficiency in the performance testing process, as well as compromise the reliability and validity of the performance test results. Option D is incorrect because requiring all performance tests to pass before starting functional testing can create unrealistic or unnecessary expectations, as well as hinder the progress and feedback of the functional testing activities. References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Performance Testing 2: ISTQB Certified Tester
- Performance Testing (CT-PT)3 3: ISTQB Performance Testing - TesterYou4 4: Performance Testing - ISTQB not-for-profit association : ISTQB - PERFORMANCE TESTING : Performance Testing - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 40
You are the Test Manager on a new project. The schedule is aggressive and will require the team to work at peak efficiency. The requirements are not well defined yet, but it is clear that the project will be using new technologies. To help the developers meet the development schedule, an offshore group will be added to the development team.
At this time there is not enough budget to add more testing resources. The project stakeholders are very concerned about the quality of delivered product and will be watching the project closely, particularly during the testing cycles. The exit criteria from the system test level require no open high priority/severity defects, 100% pass rate for all test cases covering risks that are classified as
"high" or "very high", 90% pass rate for all "medium" risks and 50% pass rate for all "low" and "very low" risks.
Given this information, which lifecycle model should you recommend?[3]
- A. Spiral
- B. V-model
- C. Iterative/incremental
- D. Waterfall
Answer: C
Explanation:
An iterative/incremental lifecycle model is a type of software development lifecycle that divides the project into smaller iterations or increments, each delivering a part of the functionality and undergoing its own planning, analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases1. This model is suitable for projects that have aggressive schedules, unclear requirements, new technologies, distributed teams, and high quality expectations, as it allows for early feedback, risk reduction, parallel development, frequent delivery, and continuous improvement2. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because a spiral model is a type of iterative/incremental model that adds risk analysis and prototyping activities to each iteration3. While this model can also handle unclear requirements, new technologies, and high quality expectations, it may not be the best choice for projects that have aggressive schedules and distributed teams, as it requires more time and communication for risk assessment and prototyping4. Option C is incorrect because a V-model is a type of sequential model that maps each development phase to a corresponding testing phase in a V-shaped diagram5. This model is suitable for projects that have clear and stable requirements, well-known technologies, co-located teams, and moderate quality expectations, as it allows for early verification, traceability, and defect prevention. However, this model may not be the best choice for projects that have aggressive schedules, unclear requirements, new technologies, distributed teams, and high quality expectations, as it does not allow for early feedback, risk reduction, parallel development, frequent delivery, and continuous improvement. Option D is incorrect because a waterfall model is a type of sequential model that follows a linear sequence of phases from requirements to deployment. This model is suitable for projects that have simple and fixed requirements, well-known technologies, co-located teams, and low quality expectations, as it allows for easy planning, management, and documentation. However, this model may not be the best choice for projects that have aggressive schedules, unclear requirements, new technologies, distributed teams, and high quality expectations, as it does not allow for early feedback, risk reduction, parallel development, frequent delivery, and continuous improvement. References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Iterative/incremental lifecycle model 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1 3:
ISTQB Glossary, Spiral model 4: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1 5: ISTQB Glossary, V-model : ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1 : ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1 : ISTQB Glossary, Waterfall model : ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1 : ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.2.1
NEW QUESTION # 41
You are a Test Manager on a new project. The software that is being created will be used to control the projectors in movie theaters. This is a time critical project because the software must be released before the Christmas holiday season which has the highest movie attendance of the year.
You have decided to implement a review process for the work products that are a part of this release to save both time and money. In order to expedite the training, you brought in a consultant to train the participants and moderators in proper review processes. Your team is enthusiastic about participating in the reviews.
The project is in the early planning stages. As the review leader, what is an appropriate activity for you to be doing at this point in the project? [3]
- A. Selecting the review items and the appropriate review type
- B. Gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process
- C. Calculating the ROI for the review process
- D. Setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review
Answer: A
Explanation:
As the review leader, one of your responsibilities is to plan the review process and select the review items and the appropriate review type for each item1. This activity should be done in the early planning stages of the project, as it will help to define the scope, objectives, and schedule of the reviews. The review items are the work products that will be reviewed, such as requirements, design, code, test cases, etc. The review type is the level of formality and rigor that will be applied to the review, such as informal review, walkthrough, technical review, or inspection2. The selection of the review items and the review type should be based on factors such as the criticality, complexity, and risk of the work products, the availability and expertise of the reviewers, the time and budget constraints, and the expected benefits and outcomes of the reviews3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option C is incorrect because calculating the ROI for the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option D is incorrect because setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review is not an appropriate activity for the review leader, as it may create a false sense of quality or pressure on the reviewers. References: 1: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.3 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.2 3: Review Types - Testing Traveler, the post about review types
NEW QUESTION # 42
Test Management
You are estimating the effort for the integration testing activities of a new project. Consider the following factors, which can affect that estimation:
I. Availability of re-usable test systems and documentation from previous, similar projects II. Unexpected timing of components arrival III. Stability of the integration test team (no turnover) IV. Many and geographically distributed sub-teams Which of the following statements is true?
Number of correct responses: 1
K2 1 credit
- A. II. and IV. can negatively affect the estimation
- B. III. and IV. can negatively affect the estimation
- C. and II. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort
- D. I. and II. can negatively affect the estimation
III. and IV. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort - E. II. and III. can negatively affect the estimation
- F. and III. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort
- G. and IV. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort
Answer: G
NEW QUESTION # 43
Test Management
Which of the following statements about management of product quality risks in mature organizations with respect to the lifecycle, is true?
- A. Mature organizations address product quality risks associated to non-functional characteristics only during the system test phase
- B. Mature organizations are aware that the contribution of testing to analysis of product quality risks is very important. The analysis should occur throughout the entire lifecycle
- C. Mature organizations are aware that risk management of product quality risks only occurs during testing
- D. Mature organizations don't waste time identifying the sources of risks. They only focus on identifying product quality risks
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 44
Test Management
You are performing a quality risk analysis for a CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item) used to implement a CBIT (Continuous Built-In Test) module of a safety-critical system.
During the quality risk analysis you are trying to identify the ways in which failures of the CBIT module can occur, for each of them trying to determine the potential causes and likely effects, and the risk level (calculated as the product of three factors: severity, occurrence and detection).
Which of the following risk analysis techniques are you working with?
Number of correct responses: 1
K2 1 credit
- A. Cost of Exposure
- B. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
- C. A lightweight product risk analysis technique
- D. Wide Band Delphi
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 45
You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a web customer portal of a Pay-TV company that allows customers (with a smartcard and a set-top box) to purchase digital contents.
In the "select" page the system displays a dialogue where the customer can select the items (digital contents) he/she is interested in. In this page he/she can add one or more items to a shopping cart. An item consists of a product and a duration.
There are three types of products: Movie, sport and premium (movie and sport).
There are four possible durations: 1 months, 2 months, winter (from the beginning of January to end of March) and summer (from the beginning of July to end of September).
All the combinations of products and durations are allowed to define an item. Thus there are twelve possible items. A maximum of six different items can be added to the shopping cart at a time.
When the customer decides to check out he/she goes to the "purchase" page where he/she can pay the total amount of the shopping cart in three different ways:
-
using a credit voucher
-
using a credit already charged on the smartcard
-
using a credit card (accepted credit cards are. Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card)
The customer can logout from both the "select" and "purchase" pages. In this case no purchase is made.
You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy and the following is a subset of the exit criteria for system testing: EXCR1- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition
You are following a risk-based testing strategy. The test execution time is very limited. Assume that all the product risk items require more or less the same level of test effort.
Which of the following answers describes the best execution schedule in this scenario?
K3 3 credits
- A. 1- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 2- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents 3- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card 4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
- B. 1- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card 2- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 3- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents 4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
- C. 1- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel 2- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents 3- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 4- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card
- D. 1- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 2- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card 3- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents 4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 46
Test Management
In the test strategy document your organization declares:
- to adopt a V-model development lifecycle, with three formal levels of testing: unit, integration and system testing
- to use a blended risk-based and regression-averse testing strategy for each level of testing The following is an excerpt of the "approach" section for the system test plan document of a new project:
"Testing will only use manual tests. Due to the short period of time for test execution, the following activities will be performed in parallel with test execution: Test planning, test analysis and test design.
Basic metrics will be taken for test effort (i.e. person-hours), test cases executed (passed/failed), and incidents (no more metrics, such as code coverage, will be collected)." In the system test plan, no deviations from the test strategy are described.
Based only on the given information, which of the following statements is true?
- A. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the risk-based testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the regression testing strategy
- B. The approach described the system test plan document is inconsistent with both the risk-based and regression testing strategies
- C. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the test strategy
- D. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the regression testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the risk-based testing strategy
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Test Management
NEW QUESTION # 47
Assume you are the Test Manager in charge of independent testing for avionics applications.
You are in charge of testing for a project to implement three different CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item):
-
a BOOT-X CSCI that must be certified at level B of the DO-178B standard
-
a DIAG-X CSCI that must be certified at level C of the DO-178B standard
-
a DRIV-X CSCI that must be certified at level A of the DO-178B standard
These are three different software modules written in C language to run on a specific hardware platform.
You have been asked to select a single code coverage tool to perform the mandatory code coverage measurements, in order to meet the structural coverage criteria prescribed by the DO178B standard. This tool must be qualified as a verification tool under DO-178B.
Since there are significant budget constraints to purchase this tool, you are evaluating an open-source tool that is able to provide different types of code coverage. This tool meets perfectly your technical needs in terms of the programming language and the specific hardware platform (it supports also the specific C-compiler).
The source code of the tool is available.
Your team could easily customize the tool to meet the project needs. This tool is not qualified as a verification tool under the DO-178B.
Which of the following are the three main concerns related to that open-source tool selection?
K4 3 credits (2 credits out of 3 credits correct, 1 credit point)
- A. Is the licensing scheme of the tool compatible with the confidentiality needs of the avionics company?
- B. Does the tool support all the types of code coverage required from the three levels A, B, C of the DO-178B standard?
- C. Is the installation procedure of the tool easy?
- D. Does the tool have a good general usability?
- E. What are the costs to qualify the tool as a verification tool under the DO-178B?
- F. Does the tool require a system with more than 4GB of RAM memory?
Answer: A,B,E
NEW QUESTION # 48
Test Tools and Automation
Assume you are a Test Manager involved in system testing of a CRM application for a Pay-TV company.
Currently the application is able to support a proper number of users assuring the required responsiveness.
Since the business is expected to grow, you have been asked to evaluate the ability of the application to grow to support more users while maintaining the same responsiveness.
Which of the following tools would you expect to be the most useful at performing this evaluation?
Number of correct responses: 1
K2 1 credit
- A. Performance tools
- B. Test management tools
- C. Static analysis tools
- D. Coverage tools
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 49
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